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KMID : 0191120230380100074
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Journal of Korean Medical Science
2023 Volume.38 No. 10 p.74 ~ p.74
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Prevalence and Related Factors of Depression Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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Lee Eung-Joon
Kim Seung-Jae
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Abstract
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Background : The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly altered the daily lives of people in unprecedented ways, causing a variety of mental health problems. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression among Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the factors associated with depressive mood using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES).
Methods : We analyzed participants aged ≥ 19 years from KNHANES 2018 (n = 5,837) and 2020 (n = 5,265) to measure and compare the prevalence of depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression was defined as a score ≥ 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Furthermore, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the independent predictors of depressive mood during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results : The prevalence of depression was notably higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than in the pre-pandemic period (5.2% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.043). In a multivariate model, female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-2.41), age < 50 years (19?29 years: aOR, 7.31; 95% CI, 2.40?22.21; 30?39 years: aOR, 7.38; 95% CI, 2.66?20.47; 40?49 years: aOR, 4.94; 95% CI, 1.84?13.31 compared to ≥ 80 years), unemployment (aOR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.41?2.85), upper-middle class household income (aOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.18?2.85 compared to upper-class income), being a beneficiary of Medicaid (aOR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.33?4.14), poor self-rated health (aOR, 4.99; 95% CI, 1.51?3.47 compared to good self-rated health), and current smoking (aOR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.51?3.47) were found to be significant risk factors for depression during the pandemic.
Conclusion : Depression was significantly more prevalent among Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic than in the pre-pandemic era. Therefore, more attention should be paid to individuals vulnerable to depression during pandemics. Implementing psychological support public policies and developing interventions to prevent the adverse outcomes of COVID-19-related depression should be considered.
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KEYWORD
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COVID-19, Pandemic, Depression, Prevalence, Associated Factors
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